Anal Fissure - Causes Symptoms and Treatment
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An overview of anal fissures: causes, prevention, and treatment options for this common and painful condition.
An overview of anal fissures: causes, prevention, and treatment options for this common and painful condition.
Anal Fissure - Causes Symptoms and Treatment
Common reasons for an anal fissure include constipation and the effort involved in passing hard or large stools during bowel movements. Anal fissures usually result in pain and bleeding during bowel movements. Additionally, spasms may occur in the muscle ring at the end of the anus, known as the anal sphincter.
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What is Anal Fissure?
An anal fissure is a tear in the lining of the anus, often caused by trauma or chronic constipation. Symptoms include pain during bowel movements and bright red blood on toilet paper. Treatments range from dietary changes and topical medications to surgical intervention in severe cases. Early diagnosis and management can prevent complications and promote healing.
What do you need to know?
An anal fissure is a tiny tear in the thin, wet tissue that surrounds the anus. The anus is a muscle aperture at the end of the digestive tract that allows stool to exit the body. Constipation and straining, as well as passing hard or big stools during bowel movements, are common causes of an anal fissure. Anal fissures usually cause pain and bleeding during bowel movements. You may also suffer spasms in the anal sphincter, which is a muscle ring located at the end of your anus.
Anal fissures are prevalent in early infants, but they can occur at any age. Most anal fissures improve with easy therapies like increased fiber intake or soaking in a warm water bath. Some patients with anal fissures may require.
What are the causes of anal fissures?
Anal fissures are small tears or cracks in the lining of the anus. They can be quite painful and are usually caused by trauma or injury to the anal canal. Here are some common causes of anal fissures.
Common causes of anal fissures are:
- Passing huge, hard stools.
- Constipation and strain during bowel motions.
- Long-term diarrhea.
- Anal intercourse.
- Childbirth.
Less prevalent causes of anal fissures are:
What are the symptoms of anal fissures?
Anal fissures typically present with several distinct symptoms, which can vary in severity depending on the individual and the underlying cause. Here are the common symptoms associated with anal fissures:
The most common symptoms of anal fissures include:
- Itching or burning: The skin around the anus may feel itchy or burned.
- Difficulty or pain with bowel movements: You may experience difficulty passing stools or feeling pain.
- Skin irritation: The skin around the anus may become swollen, red, or inflamed.
- Pain: during bowel movements may range from mild discomfort to sharp, severe pain.
- Bleeding: Bright red blood may appear on toilet paper or in the toilet bowl after a bowel movement.
If left untreated, anal fissures can lead to complications, including:
- Infection: Virus or Bacteria can enter the fissure and cause an infection.
- Fistula: If the fissure does not heal properly, a small tunnel or passage may form between the anus and surrounding tissue, leading to drainage and infection.
- Fecal incontinence: Severe or chronic anal fissures may weaken the anal sphincter muscles, leading to difficulty controlling bowel movements.
- Chronic pain: Persistent pain and discomfort can interfere with daily activities and quality of life.
Some people may also have trouble controlling their bowel movements, or poop may leak out. See a doctor if you have signs of an anal fissure to avoid complications and get a quick diagnosis and proper treatment. Most anal fissures can be addressed without surgery by altering your diet and taking medications.
What are the treatments for anal fissures?
- Pain-relieving medication.
- Laxatives.
- Anaesthetic creams.
- Nitroglycerin creams or Botox injections to relax the associated muscle spasm.
- Surgery.
Research indicates that surgery is significantly more effective than any medical treatment for chronic fissures.
When to see a doctor?
Consult your doctor if you have pain during bowel movements or notice blood on stools or toilet paper after a bowel movement.
Risk Factors
The following factors may increase your risk of having an anal fissure:
- Constipation: Straining during bowel motions and passing firm stools raises the chance of ripping.
- Childbirth: Anal fissures become more common in women after giving delivery.
- Crohn’s Disease: This inflammatory bowel disease causes chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal system. This may render the anal canal lining more susceptible to tears.
- Anal Intercourse: Anal intercourse involves sexual penetration of the anus, practiced for pleasure or intimacy.
- Age: Anal fissures can appear at any age, but they are more prevalent in newborns and middle-aged adults.
Complications
An anal fissure may cause the following complications:
- Failure to heal. An anal fissure that does not heal within eight weeks is termed chronic and may require additional treatment.
- Recurrence. If you have had an anal fissure before, you are more likely to have another.
- A tear that spreads to the surrounding muscles. An anal fissure may extend into the ring of muscle that keeps your anus closed. This muscle is known as the internal anal sphincter. This complicates the healing of your anal fissure. An unhealed fissure can cause a cycle of agony that may necessitate medication or surgery to alleviate the pain and repair or eliminate the fissure.
Prevention
You may be able to avoid an anal fissure by taking steps to prevent constipation or diarrhea. To avoid straining during bowel motions, eat high-fiber foods, drink plenty of water, and exercise often.
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